什么是糖尿病?
糖尿病, also called diabetes mellitus, is a condition that causes blood sugar to rise. 糖尿病 is diagnosed based on a fasting blood glucose (sugar) level of 126 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or higher.
糖尿病是如何发展的
When your digestive system breaks down food, your blood sugar level rises. The body’s cells absorb the sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream and use it for energy. 细胞通过一种叫做胰岛素的激素来完成这一过程, 哪一种是由胰腺产生的, 胃:靠近胃的器官.
When your body doesn’t produce enough insulin and/or doesn’t it efficiently, 血液中的血糖水平升高. 结果是:
- 马上，身体的细胞可能会缺乏能量.
- 血液中的脂肪含量上升, resulting in atherosclerosis and decreased blood flow in the larger blood vessels.
- Over time, high blood glucose levels may damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart.
糖尿病的类型
1型糖尿病
This type of diabetes is also called insulin-dependent diabetes. People with 1型糖尿病 must take insulin and also may take other medications daily. This makes up for the insulin not being produced by the body.
1型糖尿病 was previously known as juvenile diabetes because it’s usually diagnosed in children and young adults. However, this chronic, lifelong condition can develop at a later age. People with a family history of 1型糖尿病 have a greater risk of developing it.
1型糖尿病 develops when the body’s immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
一旦这些细胞被破坏, 胰腺分泌很少或不分泌胰岛素, 所以葡萄糖留在血液中. 当血液中葡萄糖含量过高时, 尤其是长沙巴足球体育平台的, 身体的器官系统遭受长期的损害.
2型糖尿病
2型糖尿病是最常见的糖尿病. 2型糖尿病 has historically been diagnosed primarily in adults. But adolescents and young adults are developing 2型糖尿病 at an alarming rate because of family history and higher rates of obesity and physical inactivity.
This type of diabetes can occur when the body develops “insulin resistance” and can’t efficiently use the insulin it makes. As 2型糖尿病 progresses, the insulin producing ability of the pancreas decreases.
糖尿病 can develop gradually without symptoms and can go undiagnosed for many years. That’s cause for concern since untreated diabetes can lead to many 严重的医疗问题 包括心血管疾病.
2型糖尿病可能是 通过饮食和锻炼来延缓或控制.
除了… 妊娠期糖尿病, 第一次发生在怀孕期间的糖尿病, 一旦身体变成糖尿病, 饮食和健康管理将是一个终生的过程.
糖尿病的前兆
胰岛素抵抗
胰岛素抵抗 occurs when the body makes insulin but can’t use it efficiently. This causes glucose to build up in the bloodstream instead of being used by cells.
降低高血糖水平, the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas release more and more insulin to try to keep blood sugar levels normal. Gradually, these cells fail to keep up with the body’s need for insulin. 因此，血糖水平开始上升.
When a fasting person has too much glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) or too much insulin in the blood (hyperinsulinemia), 他们可能有胰岛素抵抗.
胰岛素抵抗的健康风险
People with insulin resistance are at greater risk of developing 前驱糖尿病, 2型糖尿病和心血管疾病.
People with insulin resistance are more likely to have a history of being obese and physically inactive. They are also likely to have other cardiovascular 风险因素 such as high cholesterol and 高血压.
胰岛素抵抗的其他危险因素包括:
- 45岁或以上
- 患有糖尿病的家庭成员
- 有妊娠期糖尿病、心脏病或中风史
- 多囊卵巢综合征
- 美国黑人, 阿拉斯加土著, 美国印第安人, 亚裔美国人, 拉丁美洲裔, 本土的夏威夷, 或太平洋岛民
Other factors that contribute to insulin resistance include metabolic syndrome, 某些药物，荷尔蒙和睡眠障碍.
That’s why it’s important to be aware of diabetes 风险因素 and take steps to prevent diabetes.
前驱糖尿病
前驱糖尿病 means the body is having trouble getting your blood sugar down to a healthy range, 但还没有达到2型糖尿病的水平.
如果你被告知患有前驱糖尿病, you can reduce your risk of developing 2型糖尿病 by improving your diet, increasing your physical activity and losing weight if you are overweight.
了解更多关于 前驱糖尿病.
